Proof for divisibility of polynomials.Show that $a^p^n=amod p$Divisibility problemPolynomial divisibility proofPolynomials and Divisibility Rule.Induction proof, divisibilityDivisibility of a polynomial by another polynomialDoes there exist a polynomial $f(x)$ with real coefficients such that $f(x)^2$ has fewer nonzero coefficients than $f(x)$?Polynomials - Relation of DivisibilityProof using concept of polynomials.Proof of Existence of A Rational Polynomial which has Irrational Root for an EquationTricky problem of infinite harmonic sum of polynomials

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Proof for divisibility of polynomials.


Show that $a^p^n=amod p$Divisibility problemPolynomial divisibility proofPolynomials and Divisibility Rule.Induction proof, divisibilityDivisibility of a polynomial by another polynomialDoes there exist a polynomial $f(x)$ with real coefficients such that $f(x)^2$ has fewer nonzero coefficients than $f(x)$?Polynomials - Relation of DivisibilityProof using concept of polynomials.Proof of Existence of A Rational Polynomial which has Irrational Root for an EquationTricky problem of infinite harmonic sum of polynomials













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I have no idea how to proceed with the following question. Please help!



"Prove that for any polynomial $ P(x) $ with real coefficients, other than polynomial $x$, the polynomial $ P(P(P(x))) − x $ is divisible by $ P(x) − x $."










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    $begingroup$


    I have no idea how to proceed with the following question. Please help!



    "Prove that for any polynomial $ P(x) $ with real coefficients, other than polynomial $x$, the polynomial $ P(P(P(x))) − x $ is divisible by $ P(x) − x $."










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      0





      $begingroup$


      I have no idea how to proceed with the following question. Please help!



      "Prove that for any polynomial $ P(x) $ with real coefficients, other than polynomial $x$, the polynomial $ P(P(P(x))) − x $ is divisible by $ P(x) − x $."










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      HeetGorakhiya is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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      I have no idea how to proceed with the following question. Please help!



      "Prove that for any polynomial $ P(x) $ with real coefficients, other than polynomial $x$, the polynomial $ P(P(P(x))) − x $ is divisible by $ P(x) − x $."







      polynomials divisibility






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      asked 5 hours ago









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          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          4












          $begingroup$

          Remember that $$a-bmid P(a)-P(b)$$



          so $$P(x)-xmid P(P(x))-P(x)$$ and thus $$P(x)-xmid (P(P(x))-P(x))+ (P(x)-x)$$



          so $$P(x)-xmid P(P(x))-xmid P(P(P(x)))-P(x)$$



          and thus $$P(x)-xmid (P(P(P(x)))-P(x))+ (P(x)-x)$$



          and finaly we have $$P(x)-xmid P(P(P(x)))-x$$






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$








          • 1




            $begingroup$
            Modular arithmetic was invented to clarify proofs like this where the divisibilty relation greatly obfuscates the algebraic (operational) essence of the matter - here the simple notion of a fixed point - see my answer.
            $endgroup$
            – Bill Dubuque
            5 hours ago



















          3












          $begingroup$

          $bmod P(x)!-!x!:, color#c00P(x)equiv x,Rightarrow, P(P(color#c00P(x)))equiv P(P(color#c00x)))equiv P(x)equiv x$



          Remark $ $ The proof is a special case of: fixed points stay fixed on iteration by induction,



          namely: $, $ if $ color#c00f(x) = x $ then $, f^large n(x) = x,Rightarrow, f^large n+1(x) = f^n(color#c00f(x))=f^n(color#c00x)=x$



          Corollary $ P(x)!-!x,$ divides $, P^n(x)!-!x,$ for all $,ninBbb N,,$ and all polynomials $,P(x)$






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$













            Your Answer





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            2 Answers
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            active

            oldest

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            2 Answers
            2






            active

            oldest

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            active

            oldest

            votes






            active

            oldest

            votes









            4












            $begingroup$

            Remember that $$a-bmid P(a)-P(b)$$



            so $$P(x)-xmid P(P(x))-P(x)$$ and thus $$P(x)-xmid (P(P(x))-P(x))+ (P(x)-x)$$



            so $$P(x)-xmid P(P(x))-xmid P(P(P(x)))-P(x)$$



            and thus $$P(x)-xmid (P(P(P(x)))-P(x))+ (P(x)-x)$$



            and finaly we have $$P(x)-xmid P(P(P(x)))-x$$






            share|cite|improve this answer











            $endgroup$








            • 1




              $begingroup$
              Modular arithmetic was invented to clarify proofs like this where the divisibilty relation greatly obfuscates the algebraic (operational) essence of the matter - here the simple notion of a fixed point - see my answer.
              $endgroup$
              – Bill Dubuque
              5 hours ago
















            4












            $begingroup$

            Remember that $$a-bmid P(a)-P(b)$$



            so $$P(x)-xmid P(P(x))-P(x)$$ and thus $$P(x)-xmid (P(P(x))-P(x))+ (P(x)-x)$$



            so $$P(x)-xmid P(P(x))-xmid P(P(P(x)))-P(x)$$



            and thus $$P(x)-xmid (P(P(P(x)))-P(x))+ (P(x)-x)$$



            and finaly we have $$P(x)-xmid P(P(P(x)))-x$$






            share|cite|improve this answer











            $endgroup$








            • 1




              $begingroup$
              Modular arithmetic was invented to clarify proofs like this where the divisibilty relation greatly obfuscates the algebraic (operational) essence of the matter - here the simple notion of a fixed point - see my answer.
              $endgroup$
              – Bill Dubuque
              5 hours ago














            4












            4








            4





            $begingroup$

            Remember that $$a-bmid P(a)-P(b)$$



            so $$P(x)-xmid P(P(x))-P(x)$$ and thus $$P(x)-xmid (P(P(x))-P(x))+ (P(x)-x)$$



            so $$P(x)-xmid P(P(x))-xmid P(P(P(x)))-P(x)$$



            and thus $$P(x)-xmid (P(P(P(x)))-P(x))+ (P(x)-x)$$



            and finaly we have $$P(x)-xmid P(P(P(x)))-x$$






            share|cite|improve this answer











            $endgroup$



            Remember that $$a-bmid P(a)-P(b)$$



            so $$P(x)-xmid P(P(x))-P(x)$$ and thus $$P(x)-xmid (P(P(x))-P(x))+ (P(x)-x)$$



            so $$P(x)-xmid P(P(x))-xmid P(P(P(x)))-P(x)$$



            and thus $$P(x)-xmid (P(P(P(x)))-P(x))+ (P(x)-x)$$



            and finaly we have $$P(x)-xmid P(P(P(x)))-x$$







            share|cite|improve this answer














            share|cite|improve this answer



            share|cite|improve this answer








            edited 5 hours ago

























            answered 5 hours ago









            Maria MazurMaria Mazur

            50k1361124




            50k1361124







            • 1




              $begingroup$
              Modular arithmetic was invented to clarify proofs like this where the divisibilty relation greatly obfuscates the algebraic (operational) essence of the matter - here the simple notion of a fixed point - see my answer.
              $endgroup$
              – Bill Dubuque
              5 hours ago













            • 1




              $begingroup$
              Modular arithmetic was invented to clarify proofs like this where the divisibilty relation greatly obfuscates the algebraic (operational) essence of the matter - here the simple notion of a fixed point - see my answer.
              $endgroup$
              – Bill Dubuque
              5 hours ago








            1




            1




            $begingroup$
            Modular arithmetic was invented to clarify proofs like this where the divisibilty relation greatly obfuscates the algebraic (operational) essence of the matter - here the simple notion of a fixed point - see my answer.
            $endgroup$
            – Bill Dubuque
            5 hours ago





            $begingroup$
            Modular arithmetic was invented to clarify proofs like this where the divisibilty relation greatly obfuscates the algebraic (operational) essence of the matter - here the simple notion of a fixed point - see my answer.
            $endgroup$
            – Bill Dubuque
            5 hours ago












            3












            $begingroup$

            $bmod P(x)!-!x!:, color#c00P(x)equiv x,Rightarrow, P(P(color#c00P(x)))equiv P(P(color#c00x)))equiv P(x)equiv x$



            Remark $ $ The proof is a special case of: fixed points stay fixed on iteration by induction,



            namely: $, $ if $ color#c00f(x) = x $ then $, f^large n(x) = x,Rightarrow, f^large n+1(x) = f^n(color#c00f(x))=f^n(color#c00x)=x$



            Corollary $ P(x)!-!x,$ divides $, P^n(x)!-!x,$ for all $,ninBbb N,,$ and all polynomials $,P(x)$






            share|cite|improve this answer











            $endgroup$

















              3












              $begingroup$

              $bmod P(x)!-!x!:, color#c00P(x)equiv x,Rightarrow, P(P(color#c00P(x)))equiv P(P(color#c00x)))equiv P(x)equiv x$



              Remark $ $ The proof is a special case of: fixed points stay fixed on iteration by induction,



              namely: $, $ if $ color#c00f(x) = x $ then $, f^large n(x) = x,Rightarrow, f^large n+1(x) = f^n(color#c00f(x))=f^n(color#c00x)=x$



              Corollary $ P(x)!-!x,$ divides $, P^n(x)!-!x,$ for all $,ninBbb N,,$ and all polynomials $,P(x)$






              share|cite|improve this answer











              $endgroup$















                3












                3








                3





                $begingroup$

                $bmod P(x)!-!x!:, color#c00P(x)equiv x,Rightarrow, P(P(color#c00P(x)))equiv P(P(color#c00x)))equiv P(x)equiv x$



                Remark $ $ The proof is a special case of: fixed points stay fixed on iteration by induction,



                namely: $, $ if $ color#c00f(x) = x $ then $, f^large n(x) = x,Rightarrow, f^large n+1(x) = f^n(color#c00f(x))=f^n(color#c00x)=x$



                Corollary $ P(x)!-!x,$ divides $, P^n(x)!-!x,$ for all $,ninBbb N,,$ and all polynomials $,P(x)$






                share|cite|improve this answer











                $endgroup$



                $bmod P(x)!-!x!:, color#c00P(x)equiv x,Rightarrow, P(P(color#c00P(x)))equiv P(P(color#c00x)))equiv P(x)equiv x$



                Remark $ $ The proof is a special case of: fixed points stay fixed on iteration by induction,



                namely: $, $ if $ color#c00f(x) = x $ then $, f^large n(x) = x,Rightarrow, f^large n+1(x) = f^n(color#c00f(x))=f^n(color#c00x)=x$



                Corollary $ P(x)!-!x,$ divides $, P^n(x)!-!x,$ for all $,ninBbb N,,$ and all polynomials $,P(x)$







                share|cite|improve this answer














                share|cite|improve this answer



                share|cite|improve this answer








                edited 5 hours ago

























                answered 5 hours ago









                Bill DubuqueBill Dubuque

                214k29196654




                214k29196654




















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